Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Dynamics with Long Term Wastewater based Epidemiological Surveillance (preprint)

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) of SARS-CoV-2 emerged as an advantageous method to study the infection dynamics at substantial population level A temporal glimpse at sewage viral genome helps as diagnostic tool to understand the viral spread at community level. In this study for the long-term epidemiological surveillance we monitored the SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in domestic sewage by adopting the longitudinal sampling to represent a selected community (~1.8 lakhs population which occupies 1.79% of the total population of Hyderabad city) to understand the dynamics of infection Dynamics and spread of COVID-19 outbreak within the selected community were achieved by studying the longitudinal sampling for a specific period of time WBE also promotes clinical scrutiny along with disease detection and management in contrast to an advance warning signal to anticipate outbreaks

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the air from hospitals and closed rooms occupied by COVID-19 patients (preprint)

To understand air transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and risks for health care personnel and visitors to hospitals, we analyzed air samples collected from various enclosures in hospitals at Hyderabad and Mohali and performed closed room experiments with COVID-19 positive individuals. We collected 64 air samples from COVID and non-COVID areas of various hospitals and 17 samples from closed rooms occupied by COVID patients. 4 samples from COVID care areas were positive for SARS-CoV-2 with no obvious predilection towards ICU/non-ICU areas in the hospital samples. In the closed room experiments, where one or more COVID-19 patients spent a short duration of time, one sample - collected immediately after the departure of three symptomatic patients from the room - was positive. Our results indicate that the chance of picking up SARS-CoV-2 in the air is directly related to a number of COVID positive cases in the room, their symptomatic status, and the duration of exposure and that the demarcation of hospital areas into COVID and non-COVID areas is a successful strategy to prevent cross infections. In neutral environmental conditions, the virus does not seem to spread farther away from the patients, especially if they are asymptomatic, giving an objective evidence for the effectiveness of physical distancing in curbing the spread of the epidemic.